四、閱讀理解。短文后有5道題，每道題后面都有4個(gè)選項(xiàng)。請(qǐng)仔細(xì)閱讀短文并根據(jù)短文回答其后面的問題，從4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇1個(gè)最佳答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。

New Foods and the New World

In the last 500 years, nothing about people---not their clothes, ideas, or languages---has changed as much as what they eat. The original chocolate drink was made from the seeds of the cocoa tree by South American Indians. The Spanish introduced it to the rest of the world during the 1500’s. And although it was very expensive, it quickly became fashionable. In London shops where chocolate drinks were served became important meeting places. Some still exist today.

The potato is also from the New World. Around 1600, the Spanish brought it from Peru to Europe, where it soon was widely grown. Ireland became so dependent on it that thousands of Irish people starved when the crop failed during the "Potato Famine" of 1845-6, and thousands more were forced to emigrate to America.

There are many other foods that have traveled from South America to the Old World. But some others went in the opposite direction. Brazil is now the world’s largest grower of coffee, and coffee is an important crop in Colombia and other South American countries. But it is native to Ethiopia. It was first made into a drink by Arabs during the 1400’s.

According to an Arabic legend, coffee was discovered when a goatherd named Kaldi noticed that his goats were attracted to the red berries on a coffee bush. He tried one and experienced the "wide-awake" feeling that one-third of the world’s population now starts the day with.

1. According to the passage, which of the following has changed the most in the last 500 years?

A) Food.

B) Chocolate.

C) Potato.

D) Coffee

答案：A 細(xì)節(jié)辨析題。定位于第一段In the last 500 years, nothing about people---not their clothes, ideas, or languages---has changed as much as what they eat.可知在過去的500年，他們吃的食物改變得最多。因此選A。

2. "Some" in "Some still exist today" means

A) some cocoa trees.

B) some chocolate drinks.

C) some shops.

D) some South American Indians.

答案：C 詞義解釋題。定位于第一段In London shops where chocolate drinks were served became important meeting places. Some still exist today.根據(jù)語境，可判斷some指代的是前一句的主語shop，故選C。

3. Thousands of Irish people starved during the "Potato Famine" because

A) they were so dependent on the potato that they refused to eat anything else.

B) they were forced to emigrate to America.

C) the weather conditions in Ireland were not suitable for growing the potato.

D) the potato harvest was bad.

答案：D 細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。定位于第二段thousands of Irish people starved when the crop failed (土豆歉收、減產(chǎn))during the "Potato Famine" of 1845-6,選項(xiàng)D符合原文內(nèi)容，故選D。

4. Coffee originally came from

A) Brazil.

B) Colombia.

C) Ethiopia.

D) Arabia.

答案：C 細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。定位于第三段But it is native to(=come from) Ethiopia.故選C。

5. The Arabic legend is used to prove that

A) coffee was first discovered by Kaldi.

B) coffee was first discovered by Kaldi’s goats.

C) coffee was first discovered in south American countries.

D) coffee drinks were first made by Arabs.

答案：D 細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。定位于第三段It was first made into a drink by Arabs during the 1400’s.后解釋說明了The Arabic legend，因此選D。

Good Modern Newspaper

A good modern newspaper is an extraordinary piece of reading. It is remarkable first for what it contains: the range of news from local crime to international politics, from sport to business to fashion to science, and the range of comment and special features (特寫) as well, from editorial page to feature articles and interviews to criticism of books, art, theatre and music. A newspaper is even more remarkable for the way one reads it: never completely, never straight through, but always by jumping : from here to there, in and out, glancing at one piece, reading another article all the way through, reading just a few paragraphs of the next. A good modern newspaper offers a variety to attract many different readers, but far more than any one reader is interested in. What brings this variety together in one place is its topicality ( 時(shí)事性),its immediate relation to what is happening in your world and your locality now. But immediacy and the speed of production that goes with it mean also that much of what appears in a newspaper has no more than transient (短暫的) value. For all these reasons, no two people really read the same paper: what each person does is to put together out of the pages of that day's paper, his own selection and sequence, his own newspaper. For all these reasons, reading newspapers efficiently, which means getting what you want from them without missing things you need but without wasting time, demands skill and self-awareness as you modify and apply the techniques of reading.

36 A modern newspaper is remarkable for all the following EXCEPT its_____

A. wide coverage.

B. uniform style.

C. speed in reporting news.

D. popularity.

答案：B 細(xì)節(jié)辨析題。句子It is remarkable first for what it contains可得出選項(xiàng)A;句子A good modern newspaper offers a variety可得出選項(xiàng)D;句子What brings this variety together in one place is its topicality ( 時(shí)事性),its immediate relation to what is happening in your world and your locality now.選項(xiàng)C，因此可知選項(xiàng)B在文章中沒有提及，故選B。

37 According to the passage, the reason why no two people really read the "same" newspaper is that______

A. people scan for the news they are interested in.

B. different people prefer different newspapers.

C. people are rarely interested in the same kind of news.

D. people have different views about what a good newspaper is.

答案：A 細(xì)節(jié)辨析題。定位于句子For all these reasons, no two people really read the same paper: what each person does is to put together out of the pages of that day's paper, his own selection and sequence, his own newspaper.可知選項(xiàng)A符合文章內(nèi)容選A。

38 It can be concluded from the passage that newspaper readers______

A. apply reading techniques skillfully.

B. jump from one newspaper to another.

C. appreciate the variety of a newspaper.

D. usually read a newspaper selectively.

答案：D 推理判斷題。定位于最后一句For all these reasons, reading newspapers efficiently, which means getting what you want from them without missing things you need but without wasting time, demands skill and self-awareness as you modify and apply the techniques of reading.可推斷報(bào)紙的閱讀者都是選擇性閱讀，故選D。

39 A good newspaper offers "a variety" to readers because______

A. it tries to serve different readers.

B. it has to cover things that happen in a certain locality.

C. readers are difficult to please.

D. readers like to read different newspapers.

答案：A 細(xì)節(jié)辨析題。定位于句子A good modern newspaper offers a variety to attract(= serve) many different readers, but far more than any one reader is interested in.故選A。

40 The best title for this passage would be”_______”

A. The Importance of Newspaper Topicality

B. The Characteristics of a Good Newspaper

C. The Variety of a Good Newspaper

D. Some Suggestions on How to Read a Newspaper

答案：B 主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容可知主要講了好的報(bào)紙的特點(diǎn)，故選B。

Quality Education

A quality education is the ultimate liberator. It can free people from poverty, giving them the power to greatly improve their lives and take a productive place in society. It can also free communities and countries, allowing them to leap forward into periods of wealth and social unity that otherwise would not be possible.

For this reason, the international community has committed itself to getting all the world's children into primary school by 2015, a commitment known as Education for All.

Can education for all be achieved by 2015? The answer is definitely "yes", although it is a difficult task. If we now measure the goal in terms of children successfully completing a minimum of five years of primary school, instead of just enrolling for classes, which used to be the measuring stick for education, then the challenge becomes even more difficult. Only 32 countries were formerly believed to be at risk of not achieving education for all on the basis of enrollment rates. The number rises to 88 if completion rates are used as the criterion.

Still, the goal is achievable with the right policies and the right support from the international community. 59 of the 88 countries at risk can reach universal primary completion by 2015 if they bring the efficiency and quality of their education systems into line with standards observed in higher-performing systems. They also need significant increases in external financing and technical support. The 29 countries lagging farthest behind will not reach the goal without unprecedented rates of progress. But this is attainable with creative solution, including use of information technologies, flexible and targeted foreign aid, and fewer people living in poverty.

A key lesson of experience about what makes development effective is that a country's capacity to use aid well depends heavily on its policies, institutions and management. Where a country scores well on these criteria, foreign assistance can be highly effective.

41 In the first paragraph, the author suggests that a quality education can______

A. free countries from foreign rules.

B. speed up social progress.

C. give people freedom.

D. liberate people from any exploitation.

答案：B 推理判斷題。定位于第一段It can also free communities and countries, allowing them to leap forward into(speed up) periods of wealth and social unity(=social progress) that otherwise would not be possible.可知素質(zhì)教育有助于加快社會(huì)進(jìn)步。故選B。

42 Ideally, the goal of the program of Education for All is to______ by 2015.

A. get all the world's children to complete primary school

B. enroll all the world's children into primary school

C. give quality education to people of 88 countries

D. support those committed to transforming their education systems

答案：B 細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。定位于第二段For this reason, the international community has committed itself to getting all the world's children into primary school by 2015, a commitment known as Education for All.意為“出于這一原因，國際社會(huì)決定致力于在2015年前讓全世界所有兒童都能上小學(xué)，此決定稱為“全民教育”?！边x項(xiàng)B符合，故選B。選項(xiàng)A是說讓全世界所有兒童都完成小學(xué)教育，與原文內(nèi)容不一致。

43_____ countries are now at risk of not achieving education for all on the basis of completion rates.

A.32

B.59

C.29

D.88

答案：D 細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。定位于第三段Only 32 countries were formerly believed to be at risk of not achieving education for all on the basis of enrollment rates. The number rises to 88 if completion rates are used as the criterion.意為“如果使用畢業(yè)率為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，則這個(gè)數(shù)字怕是要漲到88個(gè)。”故選D。

44 According to the passage, which of the following is NOT mentioned as the right policy?

A. Raising the efficiency of education systems.

B. Improving the quality of education.

C. Using information technologies.

D. Building more primary schools.

答案：D 細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。句子59 of the 88 countries at risk can reach universal primary completion by 2015 if they bring the efficiency and quality of their education systems=raising the efficiency of education systems and improving the quality of education，“提高教育體系的效率和質(zhì)量”，選項(xiàng)A和B在文中有提及;句子But this is attainable with creative solution, including use of information technologies, flexible and targeted foreign aid, and fewer people living in poverty.與選項(xiàng)C相同。綜上可知，選項(xiàng)D在文中沒有提及，故選D。

45 As can be gathered from the last paragraph, foreign aid______

A. may not be highly effective.

B. is provided only when some criteria are met.

C. alone makes development possible.

D. is most effective for those countries lagging farthest behind.

答案：A 推理判斷題。定位于最后一段A key lesson of experience about what makes development effective is that a country's capacity to use aid well depends heavily on its policies, institutions and management. Where a country scores well on these criteria, foreign assistance can be highly effective.意為“有關(guān)“什么促使教育有效發(fā)展”的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵的經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)是：一個(gè)國家利用援助的能力主要取決于其政策、制度和管理?；谶@些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，在一個(gè)國家表現(xiàn)好的領(lǐng)域，國際社會(huì)的援助就可能非常有效。”可排除B、C、D，故選A。

（責(zé)任編輯：中大編輯）

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