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為了幫助考生更好的備考2014年翻譯資格考試,小編整理了翻譯資格考試輔導(dǎo)資料供大家參考學(xué)習(xí),預(yù)祝您考試順利!
如同漢語(yǔ)一樣,英語(yǔ)也經(jīng)常使用雙重否定來(lái)表示肯定的含義。其中but表示that (who) not,整句話(huà)意思可解釋為:There is no rule that has not any exception. 即 Every rule has exceptions. 上一句通過(guò)雙重否定 (double negation) 或 加重否定 (cumulative negation) 的no和but的連用來(lái)加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)勢(shì);而正面說(shuō)法的語(yǔ)氣較弱。
大家再來(lái)看下以下幾個(gè)例句:
There is no one of us but wishes to remove all the illegal dangerous structures in Hong Kong.
我們大家都希望拆除香港所有違章建筑的危樓。
There is no one but knows it.
此事無(wú)人不知。
There has not been a scholar but was a man of industry.
凡是有學(xué)問(wèn)的人都是勤奮的。
There is no man but errs.
凡是人都會(huì)犯錯(cuò)的。
比較下面兩句句子意思:
There is no one who knows him.
There is no one but knows him.
在下面句子中,but是從屬連詞,不是關(guān)系代詞:
It never rains but it pours.
不雨則已,一雨傾盆
Not a day but it rains.
沒(méi)有一天不下雨。
下面的句子也屬于雙重否定舉行,它們也具有加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)勢(shì)的修辭效果:
No language is more exempt from error and obscurity than the language of mathematics.
任何語(yǔ)言都比不上數(shù)學(xué)語(yǔ)言那么精確和明了。
He never goes to college without dropping in at the school library.
他每次去大學(xué)都要去圖書(shū)館轉(zhuǎn)一圈。
She never fails to attract people’s attention.
(相比not fail的結(jié)構(gòu)上過(guò)新概念的同學(xué)應(yīng)該非常熟悉的)
再來(lái)看一下一些包含雙重否定的英語(yǔ)諺語(yǔ),他們都表達(dá)了強(qiáng)化肯定的涵義:
No sweat without sweat.
梅花香自苦寒來(lái) (當(dāng)然此句上課時(shí)我也說(shuō)過(guò)可以翻譯成Adversity leads to prosperity. 前后押韻)
No smoke without fire.
無(wú)風(fēng)不起浪
Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.
有志者事竟成 (Where….., there…….)
另外補(bǔ)充一下but作動(dòng)詞的特殊用法:
But me no buts. (上課時(shí)說(shuō)過(guò),忘記的同學(xué)快去查下字典吧!)
最后回到原句: There is no rule but has exceptions. 他的意思就非常明顯了。
但是這句話(huà)本身是一個(gè)謬論,推理過(guò)程如下:
1.Every rule has an exception. (Statement)
2."Every rule has an exception" has an exception. (By 1)
3.There exists some rule R without exception. (By 2)
4.Since R is a rule, by the first statement it must have an exception. But by 3, it does not have an exception - an apparent contradiction.
5.)括號(hào)中為擴(kuò)展閱讀內(nèi)容,對(duì)翻譯本身沒(méi)有關(guān)系,just for fun!
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