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2006年11月二級(jí)筆譯實(shí)務(wù)試題

【英譯漢必譯題】

This week and next, governments, international agencies and nongovernmental organizations are gathering in Mexico City at the World Water Forum to discuss the legacy of global Mulhollandism in water - and to chart a new course.

They could hardly have chosen a better location. Water is being pumped out of the aquifer on which Mexico City stands at twice the rate of replenishment. The result: the city is subsiding at the rate of about half a meter every decade. You can see the consequences in the cracked cathedrals, the tilting Palace of Arts and the broken water and sewerage pipes.

Every region of the world has its own variant of the water crisis story. The mining of groundwaters for irrigation has lowered the water table in parts of India and Pakistan by 30 meters in the past three decades. As water goes down, the cost of pumping goes up, undermining the livelihoods of poor farmers.

What is driving the global water crisis? Physical availability is part of the problem. Unlike oil or coal, water is an infinitely renewable resource, but it is available in a finite quantity. With water use increasing at twice the rate of population growth, the amount available per person is shrinking - especially in some of the poorest countries.

Challenging as physical scarcity may be in some countries, the real problems in water go deeper. The 20th-century model for water management was based on a simple idea: that water is an infinitely available free resource to be exploited, dammed or diverted without reference to scarcity or sustainability.

Across the world, water-based ecological systems - rivers, lakes and watersheds - have been taken beyond the frontiers of ecological sustainability by policy makers who have turned a blind eye to the consequences of over- exploitation.

We need a new model of water management for the 21st century. What does that mean? For starters, we have to stop using water like there"s no tomorrow - and that means using it more efficiently at levels that do not destroy our environment. The buzz- phrase at the Mexico Water forum is "integrated water resource management." What it means is that governments need to manage the private demand of different users and manage this precious resource in the public interest.

【參考譯文】

從本周直到下周，各國(guó)政府、國(guó)際機(jī)構(gòu)和非政府組織齊聚墨西哥城，參與世界水論壇的召開(kāi)，討論全球形式化治水的遺留問(wèn)題，并為此制定新的解決方案。

這里作為論壇的舉辦地點(diǎn)再合適不過(guò)了。從墨西哥城基下的土層中，地下水正被源源不斷地抽取出來(lái)，而補(bǔ)給同等水量需要花兩倍的時(shí)間。這導(dǎo)致墨西哥城的不斷下沉，速度約為每年0.05米。城市設(shè)施由此而受到破壞，隨處可見(jiàn)布滿裂紋的教堂，搖搖欲墜的美術(shù)館和破裂的供排水管道。

世界各地水危機(jī)的形式各不相同。為了灌溉而對(duì)地下水進(jìn)行開(kāi)采，讓印度和巴基斯坦部分地區(qū)的地下水位30年來(lái)下降了30米。隨著水位的下降，抽水的成本也在上升，貧困農(nóng)民的生計(jì)更加艱難。

是什么促使了全球水危機(jī)的發(fā)生?水的便于取用是一個(gè)方面。不同于石油和煤炭，水可以被無(wú)限循環(huán)再生，但是可供取用的水資源是有限的。全球用水量正以兩倍于人口增長(zhǎng)率的速度持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)，人均水資源占有量也在縮減。在那些特別貧困的國(guó)家，這一問(wèn)題尤其突出。

水資源的短缺可能讓某些國(guó)家難于對(duì)付，真正的治水難題卻有著更深刻的背景。20世紀(jì)的水資源管理模型源于一種簡(jiǎn)單觀念：水是一種取之不竭的資源。人們可以對(duì)它隨意取用、截流改道而不必付出成本，也無(wú)需考慮水源短缺或是可持續(xù)性利用的問(wèn)題。

世界各地的許多政府決策者忽視了過(guò)度開(kāi)發(fā)水資源帶來(lái)的后果，把依賴水體而存在的生態(tài)系統(tǒng) - 河流，湖泊和分水嶺劃到了生態(tài)環(huán)境可持續(xù)發(fā)展的體系之外。

21世紀(jì)需要新的水資源管理模型。這意味著什么呢?首先必須停止對(duì)水源肆無(wú)忌憚的浪費(fèi)。就是說(shuō)，我們要更加有效和適度地利用水資源，不對(duì)環(huán)境造成破壞。“水資源綜合管理”是本屆水論壇提出的新名詞，其涵義是政府需要控制不同個(gè)體的用水需求量，并從公共利益出發(fā)來(lái)管理這種寶貴資源。

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