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What Is the Force of Gravity?
If you throw a ball up, it will come down again. What makes it come down? The ball comes down because it is pulled or attracted towards the Earth. The Earth exerts a force of attraction on all objects. Objects that are nearer to the Earth are attracted to it with a greater force than those that are further away. This force of attraction is known as the force of gravity. The gravitational force acting on an object at the Earth’s surface is called the weight of the object.
All the heavenly bodies in space like the moon, the planets and the stars also exert an attractive force on objects. The bigger and heavier a body is, the greater is its force of gravity. Thus, since the moon is a smaller body than Earth, the force it exerts on an object at its surface is less than that exerted by the Earth on the same object on the Earth’s surface. In fact, the moon’s gravitational force is only one-sixth that of the Earth. This means that an object weighing 120 kilograms on Earth will only weigh 20 kilograms on the moon. Therefore on the moon you could lift weights which are six times heavier than the heaviest weight that you can lift on Earth.
The Earth’s gravitational force or pull keeps us and everything else on Earth from floating away to space. To get out into space and travel to the moon or other planets we have to overcome the Earth’s gravitational pull.
正確答案 :什么是重力?
假如你把一個(gè)球往上拋,它還會(huì)掉下來(lái)。球?yàn)槭裁磿?huì)掉下來(lái)呢?球掉下來(lái)是因?yàn)榍虮晃蚶虻厍?。地球?qū)λ形矬w都施加吸引力。離地球較近的物體所受的吸引力,比遠(yuǎn)離地球的物體所受的吸引力大。這種吸引力通常叫做重力。作用于地球表面上物體的引力,叫做物體的重量。
空間所有的天體,如月球﹑行星和星星,對(duì)物體也都有吸引力。物體越大﹑越重,其引力也就越大。既然月球比地球小,因此,月球?qū)υ虑虮砻嫔弦晃矬w施加的力,將比地球?qū)Φ厍虮砻嫔贤晃矬w施加的力要小。實(shí)際上,月球的引力只有地球引力的六分之一。這就是說(shuō),地球上一個(gè)重120公斤的物體,在月球上會(huì)只重20公斤。因此,在月球上你能舉起的重量,將是你在地球上所能舉起的最大重量的六倍。
地球的引力或拉力,使我們和地球上別的任何東西都不致漂浮到空間中。要飛向空間并到月球或其他行星去旅游,就必須克服地球的引力。
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(責(zé)任編輯:中大編輯)