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第一部分 英譯漢

Freed by warming, waters once locked beneath ice are gnawing at coastal settlements around the Arctic Circle.

In Bykovsky, a village of 457 on Russia's northeast coast, the shoreline is collapsing, creeping closer and closer to houses and tanks of heating oil, at a rate of 15 to 18 feet a year.

"It is practically all ice - permafrost - and it is thawing." For the four million people who live north of the Arctic Circle, a changing climate presents new opportunities. But it also threatens their environment, their homes and, for those whose traditions rely on the ice-bound wilderness, the preservation of their culture.

A push to develop the North, quickened by the melting of the Arctic seas, carries its own rewards and dangers for people in the region. The discovery of vast petroleum fields in the Barents and Kara Seas has raised fears of catastrophic accidents as ships loaded with oil and, soon, liquefied gas churn through the fisheries off Scandinavia, headed to markets in Europe and North America. Land that was untouched could be tainted by pollution as generators, smokestacks and large vehicles sprout to support the growing energy industry.

Coastal erosion is a problem in Alaska as well, forcing the United States to prepare to relocate several Inuit villages at a projected cost of $100 million or more for each one.

Across the Arctic, indigenous tribes with traditions shaped by centuries of living in extremes of cold and ice are noticing changes in weather and wildlife. They are trying to adapt, but it can be confounding.

In Finnmark, Norway's northernmost province, the Arctic landscape unfolds in late winter as an endless snowy plateau, silent but for the cries of the reindeer and the occasional whine of a snowmobile herding them.

A changing Arctic is felt there, too. "The reindeer are becoming unhappy," said Issat Eira, a 31-year-old reindeer herder.

Few countries rival Norway when it comes to protecting the environment and preserving indigenous customs. The state has lavished its oil wealth on the region, and Sami culture has enjoyed something of a renaissance.

And yet no amount of government support can convince Mr. Eira that his livelihood, intractably entwined with the reindeer, is not about to change. Like a Texas cattleman, he keeps the size of his herd secret. But he said warmer temperatures in fall and spring were melting the top layers of snow, which then refreeze as ice, making it harder for his reindeer to dig through to the lichen they eat.

"The people who are making the decisions, they are living in the south and they are living in towns," said Mr. Eira, sitting inside his home made of reindeer hides. "They don't mark the change of weather. It is only people who live in nature and get resources from nature who mark it."

A push to develop the North, quickened by the melting of the Arctic seas, carries its

own rewards and dangers for people in the region. The discovery of vast petroleum fields in the Barents and Kara Seas has raised fears of catastrophic accidents as ships loaded with oil and, soon, liquefied gas churn through the fisheries off Scandinavia, headed to markets in Europe and North America. Land that was untouched could be tainted by pollution as generators, smokestacks and large vehicles sprout to support the growing energy industry.

第二部分 漢譯英

維護世界和平，促進共同發(fā)展，謀求合作共贏，是各國人民的共同愿望，也是不可抗拒的當今時代潮流。中國高舉和平、發(fā)展、合作的旗幟，堅持走和平發(fā)展道路，與世界各國一道，共同致力于建設一個持久和平、共同繁榮的和諧世界。

中國與世界從未像今天這樣緊密相連。中國政府把中國人民的根本利益與各國人民的共同利益結合起來，堅持奉行防御性的國防政策。中國的國防服從和服務于國家發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略和安全戰(zhàn)略，旨在維護國家安全統(tǒng)一，確保實現全面建設小康社會的宏偉目標。中國永遠是維護世界和平、安全、穩(wěn)定的堅定力量。

中國在經濟不斷發(fā)展的基礎上推進國防和軍隊現代化，是適應世界新軍事變革發(fā)展趨勢、維護國家安全和發(fā)展利益的需要。中國不會與任何國家進行軍備競賽，不會對任何國家構成軍事威脅。新世紀新階段，中國把科學發(fā)展觀作為國防和軍隊建設的重要指導方針，積極推進中國特色軍事變革，努力實現國防和軍隊建設全面協調可持續(xù)發(fā)展。

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