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Passage 4

Innovation starts at the top， and it is important for leaders to create an environment where innovation is constant， where people have the skills and incentives to think creatively. In doing so， you attract talents that want to contribute to that environment， creating a virtuous cycle for the company. Shanghai’s leadership has worked hard to create an environment where businesses can succeed. For example， Shanghai’s transportation links to the world， including Pudong International Airport and the new deep water port facility， have achieved world-class status We live in an era where innovation is central to economic growth and prosperity. It is comfortable to hold onto the old ways of doing business. But innovation is hard because it usually leads to change. Innovation requires new ideas， new processes， and new institutions. New technologies and approaches can radically change an existing market， creating new customers and competitions. But innovation and its accompanying disruption can be managed through good leadership， a long term strategy， and good people. President Hu Jintao stated at the beginning of this year that “Innovation is the core of the nation’s competitiveness.”

創(chuàng)新從領(lǐng)導(dǎo)層開(kāi)始做起。領(lǐng)導(dǎo)層必須營(yíng)造一個(gè)可以不斷創(chuàng)新的環(huán)境，以激勵(lì)人們的創(chuàng)新思維。 這樣的環(huán)境可以吸引那些樂(lè)于創(chuàng)新的人才，從而使公司得到良性發(fā)展。 上海的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)努力為企業(yè)營(yíng)造可取得成功的環(huán)境。例如，浦東國(guó)際機(jī)場(chǎng)和新的深水港等設(shè)施的建立，使上海與世界的交通連接達(dá)到了世界級(jí)的水平。我們生活在一個(gè)以創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和繁榮的時(shí)代。墨守成規(guī)確實(shí)舒服愜意，而改革創(chuàng)新則困難重重，因?yàn)閯?chuàng)新往往引發(fā)變革。創(chuàng)新需要新思想，新程序和新機(jī)制。新技術(shù)和新方法會(huì)劇烈的改變現(xiàn)行的市場(chǎng)秩序，既帶來(lái)新的公司客戶，也帶來(lái)新的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手，但是，如果我們有英明的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，長(zhǎng)期的戰(zhàn)略以及優(yōu)秀的人才，創(chuàng)新活動(dòng)及其所伴隨的沖擊是可控的。******主席在年初時(shí)曾說(shuō)過(guò)：“創(chuàng)新是國(guó)家的核心競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。”

Passage 5

What will the role of universities be in this globalized economy? How will they contribute to improving society through innovation that will improve the quality of life and support economic growth? How will they prepare their graduates who will extract the best and explore the greatest in this increasingly complex society? It is important to remember that undergraduate education and post-graduate education are tightly linked to research. Our education programs should ensure that the students are learning in an atmosphere characterized by the pursuit of new knowledge and process of discovery. An interrelated educational program will create a flow of young， bright and uninhibitedminds to work on the frontier of discovery. The fundamental mission of a university is the creation of new knowledge which sometimes has immediate practical applications. But that can never be the only goal. And making it a primary goal will frequently be short-sighted. Basic contributions to knowledge should be valued for being exactly that. Our university has an almost unique role in fostering such contribution. Choosing the right people is the first and perhaps the most crucial step in ensuring an innovative environment. There are three types of people that can be important. The first class of individuals consists of fanciful visionaries. The second class of important people in innovative environment consists of revolutionary explorers.The third class of individuals consists of uninhibited executors.

在這個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的時(shí)代背景下，大學(xué)將扮演怎樣的角色呢?大學(xué)將如何通過(guò)旨在提高生活質(zhì)量、推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的創(chuàng)新活動(dòng)進(jìn)而推動(dòng)社會(huì)的進(jìn)步呢?在這個(gè)日新月異、充滿變數(shù)的社會(huì)，大學(xué)又將如何培養(yǎng)那些善于取精用弘的學(xué)生呢?我們應(yīng)該認(rèn)識(shí)到，本科生教育和研究生教育都與研究緊密相連。我們的教育應(yīng)該為學(xué)生創(chuàng)造一種可以探尋新知識(shí)、帶來(lái)新發(fā)現(xiàn)的氛圍，將教學(xué)與研究融合在一起的教育可以培養(yǎng)一批活躍在探索前沿、聰穎開(kāi)放的青年才俊。大學(xué)最根本的使命就是創(chuàng)造新知識(shí)，雖然大學(xué)所創(chuàng)造的新知識(shí)有時(shí)會(huì)立即產(chǎn)生實(shí)際應(yīng)用價(jià)值，但這決不是大學(xué)所追求的唯一目標(biāo)。將獲取實(shí)際應(yīng)用價(jià)值的目標(biāo)定位大學(xué)的主要目標(biāo)是一種短視行為?；A(chǔ)研究也同樣是大學(xué)的使命，而且大學(xué)在推動(dòng)基礎(chǔ)研究方面能發(fā)揮獨(dú)特的作用。選對(duì)人是確保創(chuàng)新型研究環(huán)境的首要因素，也是最為關(guān)鍵的因素。選人要選三種人：第一種人是想法活躍的思想家，第二種人是富有革命精神的探索家，第三種人是不受常規(guī)約束的實(shí)干家。

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