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 一、英譯漢概要(二)

(二)句子層面

1、調(diào)整結(jié)構(gòu)

He spoke with understandable pride of his experience.

他自豪地講起他的經(jīng)歷，這是可以理解的。

2、加詞解釋

(1)意義或修飾上增詞

Enclosed is our latest catalogue.

隨函附上我們最新的商品目錄。

Trade wars arise from a ruthless determination on the part of a company or country to capture the market.

貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)是一個(gè)公司或國(guó)家為占領(lǐng)市場(chǎng)而做出無(wú)情的決定引起的。(增加了動(dòng)詞“做出”)

With what enthusiasm the Chinese people are building socialism.

中國(guó)人民正在以多么高的熱情建設(shè)社會(huì)主義呀!(增加了形容詞“高的”)

This typewriter is indeed cheap and fine.

這部打字機(jī)真是價(jià)廉物美。(增加了形容詞前的名詞)

The two countries cooperated militarily, politically and economically.

兩國(guó)在軍事、政治和經(jīng)濟(jì)等方面進(jìn)行了合作。(增加“等方面”表示概括性的詞)

(2)句法上增詞

Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; writing an exact man.

讀書(shū)使人充實(shí)，討論使人機(jī)智，寫(xiě)作使人準(zhǔn)確。(增加了省略的動(dòng)詞)

3、減詞省略

We live and learn.

活到老，學(xué)到老。(省略了泛指人稱代詞we)

漢語(yǔ)詞語(yǔ)之間多是意合關(guān)系，而英語(yǔ)則是形合關(guān)系，因此英譯漢時(shí)連詞常省略。

Practically all substances expand when heated and contract when cooled.

實(shí)際上一切物質(zhì)都是熱脹冷縮的。(省略了時(shí)間連詞when)

一般來(lái)說(shuō)，表示時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)的介詞，譯成漢語(yǔ)如出現(xiàn)在句首，大多可以省略不譯。

The People’s Republic of China was founded in October, 1949.

1949年10月中華人民共和國(guó)成立。(省略表時(shí)間的介詞)

Smoking is not allowed in public places.

公共場(chǎng)所不許吸煙。(省略表地點(diǎn)的介詞)

4、重復(fù)

Ignorance is the mother of fear as well as of admiration.

無(wú)知是羨慕的根源，也是恐懼的根源。(重復(fù)介詞前省略的名詞)

Reading exercises one’s eyes; speaking, one’s tongue; while writing, one’s mind.

閱讀訓(xùn)練人的眼睛，說(shuō)話訓(xùn)練人的口才，寫(xiě)作訓(xùn)練人的思維。(重復(fù)動(dòng)詞)

He hated failure; he had conquered it all his life, risen above it, despised it in others.

他討厭失敗，他一生中途曾戰(zhàn)勝失敗，超越失敗，并且藐視別人的失敗。(重復(fù)代詞代替的名詞)

Wherever oppressions existed, there would be resistance.

哪里有壓迫，哪里就有反抗。(重復(fù)wherever等關(guān)系代詞和副詞)

5、正反轉(zhuǎn)換

The two sides said they keep mum over the deal because it was only tentative.

簽約雙方都說(shuō)不想張揚(yáng)是因?yàn)榻灰妆旧砩形醋詈蠖▕Z。

We may safely say so.

我們這樣說(shuō)萬(wàn)無(wú)一失。

It was beyond his power to sign such a contract.

他無(wú)權(quán)簽訂這種合同。

The doubt was still unsolved after his repeated explanations.

雖然他一再解釋，疑團(tuán)仍然存在。

All the articles are untouchable in the museum.

博物館內(nèi)一切展品禁止觸摸。

6、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

I was told that there is something wrong with the new order .

我聽(tīng)說(shuō)新定單出了點(diǎn)問(wèn)題。

Government involvement is generally considered to be detrimental to competition and the optimal allocation of the factors of production.

人們普遍認(rèn)為政府干預(yù)只會(huì)對(duì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)不利，只會(huì)有損于生產(chǎn)要素的最佳配置。

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（責(zé)任編輯：中大編輯）

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