定語從句

一、考點聚焦

1、功能：相當于形容詞，修飾名詞或代詞，在句中作定語

2、位置：定語從句置于被修飾詞之后

Those who are willing to attend the party, sign here please。

3、先行詞：被定語從句修飾的詞稱為先行詞

(1)先行詞一般是名詞和不定代詞，如：some-, any-, every-和no與-boy, -thing的合成詞；或all、none、any、some、that、those等代詞。數(shù)詞也可以作先行詞，人稱代詞也同樣可作先行詞。

(2)先行詞與關(guān)系詞是等量關(guān)系。必須注意兩點：

①先行詞在從句中作主語時，從句謂語動詞的數(shù)由先行詞而定。

This is the place which is worth visiting。

②關(guān)系詞在從句句子中充當了成分，其意思就是先行詞的意義，所以在從句中不能重復其意。

There are many places we can visit(them)in China。

4、關(guān)系詞：引導定語從句的都稱關(guān)系詞

關(guān)系代詞：who, whom, which, that, whose, as。

關(guān)系副詞：when, where, why。that偶爾也作關(guān)系副詞。

5、確定關(guān)系詞的步驟

(1)先找關(guān)系詞，看先行詞指的是什么。

(2)看關(guān)系詞在從句中所充當?shù)某煞帧?/p>

6、在定語從句中，當先行詞指物時，下列情況的關(guān)系詞宜用that而不用which

(1)先行詞被①形容詞最高級 ②序數(shù)詞 ③數(shù)詞幾種詞修飾或被 ④only、any、few、little、 no、all、one of等修飾時。

(2)先行詞為all、much、little、none、few、one、something、anything等不定代詞時。

(3)先行詞中既有人又有物時。

He was looking pleasantly at te children and parcels that filled his bus。

(4)先行詞在主句中作表語關(guān)系詞在從句中作表語時。

The village is no longer the one that was 5 years ago。

(5)當主句中含有疑問詞which時。

Which are the books that you bought for me ?

7、宜用which而不用that的情況

(1)在非限制性定語從句中

(2)在關(guān)系詞前有介詞時

(3)當先行詞本身是that時

(4)當關(guān)系詞離先行詞較遠時

8、關(guān)系詞who與that指人時，也有不同情況分別用不同的關(guān)系詞

(1)當主句是there be句型時，關(guān)系詞用who。

(2)先行詞是為anyone、those、someone、everyone、one等詞時，關(guān)系詞用who。

(3)當主句是who作疑問詞時，關(guān)系詞用that。

Who is that girl that is standing by the window?

(4)whom在從句中只作賓語，可被who取代。

9、whose作關(guān)系詞既指人又指物，在從句中作定語。如：

Do you know Mr.Smith whose story is very moving ?

There is a room, whose window faces the river。

There is a room, the window of which faces the river。

10、關(guān)系代詞as,在從句中作主語、賓語和表語。

(1)先行詞被such和the same修飾，或句型as many(much)中，從句都用as 引導。

Such books as you bought are useful。

The school is just the same as it was 10 years age。

注意：區(qū)別①such … that … 引導的結(jié)果狀語從句。They are such

lovely children that we love them much.②the same … that … 引導定語從句。I want to use the same tool that you used just now。

(2)無先行詞的定語從句用as和which引導。

區(qū)別：①意義上：as 含有“這點正如……一樣”。②位置上：as 從句可置句首，也可在另處。

He didn’t pass the exam, as we had expected。

There is lots of air in loose snow, which can keep the cold out。

As is known, the earth is round, not flat。

11、關(guān)系副詞when與where、why、that

when 指時間 = in / at / on / during which

where指地點 = in / at / from / which

why指原因 = for which

當先行詞為way、day、reason、time時，可用that作關(guān)系副詞。(非正式場合)

I don’t like the way that / in which / he talks。

當time作先行詞時，關(guān)系詞可以省掉。

This is the first time I have given you a lesson in French。

12、必須注意的問題

(1)關(guān)系詞作主語時，從句中謂語的數(shù)。

(2)注意區(qū)別定語從句與強調(diào)句。

①定語從句中關(guān)系詞作從句成分，復合句。

②強調(diào)it無意義，that / who不是引導詞。

③強調(diào)it is / was和that / who后如果句子意思講得通則是強調(diào)句，講不通則不是。

It is the museum that / which we visited last year。(定語從句)

It was in the hotel that we stayed last night。(強調(diào)句)

(3)定語從句與同位語從句的區(qū)別。

①定語從句引導詞被稱為關(guān)系詞，that充當主語、賓語、表語。有時可省略。

②同位語從句引導詞被叫做連詞，that不能充當任何成分，不可省。

Word came that their army was defeated。(同位語)

We expressed to them our wish that was the same as their。(定語)

(4)關(guān)系詞在從句中省略的情況。

①關(guān)系詞作賓語，前無介詞時。

②關(guān)系詞作表語。

(5)限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的翻譯。

(6)關(guān)系詞前有介詞或復雜介詞，關(guān)系詞只能是which和whom。

(7)幾個特殊的定語從句句型：

①He is the only one of the students who has got very good marks in the match。(句中one為先行詞)

He is one of the students who have got good marks in the match。(句中students為先行詞)

②Is this place the one (that) we visited yesterday?

Is this the place(that / which)we visited yesterday ?

③He stood at the window, from where he could see what was happening。

④It may rain, in which case the match will be put off。

二、精典名題導解

選擇填空：

1. The film brought the hours back to me _________ I was taken good care of in that faraway village。

A.until B.that C.when D.where

解析：答案為C。本題考查分隔定語從句的關(guān)系詞的選擇。作好本題的關(guān)鍵是要能辨認出該定語從句的先行詞the hours和關(guān)系詞被介詞短語to me所分隔。定語從句的先行詞是表時間的名詞hours, 并且關(guān)系詞在從句中用作狀語，故應選擇表示時間的關(guān)系副詞when。

2. ___________ is known to everybody, the noon travels around the earth once every month。

A.It B.As C.That D.What

解析：答案為B。本題考查as引導的非限制定語從句。as作“正如……”解釋，引導的非限制性定語從句來修飾整個句子。當as在從句中作主語時，常用于下列短語：as is known、as is said、as is reported、as is announced等。要注意掌握作關(guān)系代詞引導定語從句的用法。

3. After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town ___________ he grew up as a child。

A.which B.where C.that D.when

解析：答案為B。本題考查限制性定語從句中關(guān)系詞的選擇。定語從句的先行詞是表示地點的名詞短語the small town, 且關(guān)系詞不作定語從句中的主語和賓語而作地點狀語，因此定語從句必須用關(guān)系副詞where引導。要注意分清先行詞在從句中充當?shù)某煞郑缓筮x擇適當?shù)年P(guān)系詞。

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