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High-tech Industry

1 The 1980s were harsh times for many of Britain’s traditional industries. Steel, coal, chemicals, shipbuilding, heavy engineering, car assembly… all these industries and many more, declined rapidly. The old industrial regions like North-East England, Merseyside, South Wales and the West Midlands became areas of factory closures and high unemployment. Despite the general decline in manufacturing, there have been some areas and some manufacturing industries which have grown during the 1980s. Most of them are the so-called “sunrise” industries making a new dawn in high-tech industry.

2 So what does high-technology mean? There is no single definition, but most high-tech industries involve the development or assembly of micro-electronics and computers. High-technology industry is footloose, not being tied to any single source of materials. However, some of the industry’s requirements have favored certain locations: a highly skilled workforce is needed; it is necessary to keep in touch with scientific advances; the highly paid workforce demands an attractive environment in which to work and live.

3 The result of these factors is that high-technology industry has tended to steer clear of the traditional industrial areas and the inner cities. Three areas have attracted large numbers of high technology jobs: The “West Corridor” between West London and Bristol, “Silicon Glen” in general Scotland, and “Silicon Fen” in Cambridge. One of the greatest single high-technology sites is the Cambridge Science Park. The Science Park was opened in 1973 on 50 hectares of derelict land in north Cambridge. Ready built factories and laboratories were made available. The land was owned by one of the colleges of Cambridge University and the Science Park has had close links with the University from the start. This has given access to some of Britain’s top scientific brains working at the university.

4 Easy access to the M11 motorway has increased the site’s attractions for high-technology industry. Two thousand people are employed there in nearly 70 companies. The largest just employs over 300, but half of the companies have fewer than 20 people. Most of the companies are manufacturing computers, telecommunications and precision instruments. The BBC microcomputer was developed and built here, for example. There are an increasing number of companies involved in bio-technology in the Science Park. These include among their products drugs and medical instruments. There are several companies concentrating on research and development, notably in lasers. Many of the research workers in the Science Park are employed at the University laboratories on a part-time basis.

5 The success of the Cambridge Science Park has encouraged other universities ─ by 1987 there were 26 science parks linked with British universities. Four hundred and twenty companies were based in these science parks.

23.Paragraph 2

24.Paragraph 3

25.Paragraph 4

26.Paragraph 5

A.Cambridge Science Park

B. Good living and working conditions

C. Highly skilled workforce

D. Information about high technology

E. Famous high-tech zones in Britain

F. Influence of Cambridge Science Park

27.Britain’s traditional industries declined rapidly in the 1980s, but

28.One reason for the preference of certain locations for the industry is that

29.Some of the top scientific brains working at Cambridge University can work in the Science Park because

30.More science parks linked with British universities appeared mainly because

A.the light industries grew especially fast

B. some new industries grew fast then

C. other universities are greatly encouraged by the achievement of the Cambridge Science Park

D. the traditional industrial areas and the inner cities are not popular anymore

E. the university and the park have close relationships

F. the skilled labour force can be easily found there

正確答案:DEAF BFEC

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