為了方便廣大考生順利通過(guò)2014年自考，小編特將其整理成一個(gè)匯總。希望廣大考生在考試時(shí)能用到這些資料。

重點(diǎn)單詞擴(kuò)充講解：

1. organizational: a 組織上的

由此我們可以聯(lián)想到：organize: v 組織; organization: n 組織; organizer: n 組織者

請(qǐng)看下列習(xí)題，選擇該組詞里恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空：

1). Last week, our school ________ a spring outing.

2). The task calls for the highest _________ skill.

3). China has joined World Trade __________.

4). He is the __________ of the speech contest.

Answers: organized, organizational, Organization, organizer

2. objective: n 目標(biāo); a 客觀的，反義詞subjective: 主觀的

3. predict: v 預(yù)言、預(yù)示;

由此我們可以聯(lián)想到：prediction: n 預(yù)言; predictable: a 可預(yù)測(cè)的; predictor: n 預(yù)言家

4. simplify: v 簡(jiǎn)化

由此我們可以聯(lián)想到：simple: a 簡(jiǎn)單的; simply: ad 簡(jiǎn)單地，僅僅地; simplification: n 簡(jiǎn)化; simplified: a 被簡(jiǎn)化的。

Exercises for the above words:

1). The machine is _____ in operation but complex in structure.

2). Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet in the original is beyond our capacity while ____ edition is quite easy.

3). There is no point in arguing about it, because it is _______ a question of procedure.

4). The ______ of working process freed the workers fro heavy labor.

Answers: simple; simplified; simply; simplification

5. tendency: n 趨勢(shì)、傾向;tend : v 傾向于…， tend to do sth

e.g. old people have the tendency of getting fatter.

Or old people tend to get fatter.

6. managerial: a 經(jīng)理的、經(jīng)營(yíng)上的;

由此我們可以聯(lián)想到：manage: v管理、經(jīng)營(yíng); management: n; manager: n 經(jīng)營(yíng)者，管理者; manageable: a 可管理的、可經(jīng)營(yíng)的。

7. argue: v 爭(zhēng)辯、爭(zhēng)論，常用固定搭配：argu with sb about/over sth由于某事而同某人爭(zhēng)論; argue sb into doing sth說(shuō)服某人做某事; argue sb out of doing sth說(shuō)服某人不要做某事。

e.g. 1>. The young couple always argue with each other over their child’s

education.

2>. I argued him out of going on such a dangerous journey.

8. define: v 給…下定義; definition: n 定義

9. profitability: n 賺錢， 獲利

由此我們可以聯(lián)想到：profit: n 利潤(rùn); profitable: a 有利可圖的, 有好處的;

profitless: a 沒(méi)有利潤(rùn)的。

1). He has made a _____ from running a small restaurant.

2). The deal was ______ to all of us.

3). They valued _______ differently, which led to disagreement as to the correctness of decision.

Answer: profit, profitable; profitability.

10. correctness: n 正確性; 字根：correct: a 正確的; v 糾正， correction: n 糾正; incorrect: a 不正確的。

11. unintended: a 非計(jì)劃中的，

由此我們可以聯(lián)想到：intend: v 打算，計(jì)劃;intention: n ; intended: a 計(jì)劃中的

課文難句講解、分析

1. A decision is a choice made from among alternative courses of action that are available.(p1)

譯：決策就是從幾種可以選擇的做法中作出選擇。

分析：該句是主系表結(jié)構(gòu)。made from among alternative courses of action that are available是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ)修飾a choice; 其中that are available是定語(yǔ)從句修飾courses of action.

像這樣一環(huán)修飾一環(huán)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)在英文中很普遍，因此為了看懂句子大家必須學(xué)會(huì)分析。這是整個(gè)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中很重要的能力!

2. The reason for making a decision is that a problem exists, goals or objectives are wrong, or something is standing in the way of accomplishing them. (p1)

譯：做出決策的原因是因?yàn)榇嬖趩?wèn)題，目標(biāo)或目的有錯(cuò)誤，或者有某種東西防礙著它們的實(shí)現(xiàn)。

分析：該句又是主系表結(jié)構(gòu)。That引導(dǎo)三個(gè)并列的表語(yǔ)從句，①a problem exists，②goals or objectives are wrong;③something is standing in the way of accomplishing them。 短語(yǔ)：make a decision:做出決策;stand in the way: 阻擋、防礙

3. Often managers must make a best guess at what the future will be and try to leave as little as possible to chance, but since uncertainty is always there, risk accompanies decisions. (p2)

譯：通常管理者必須對(duì)未來(lái)的情況做出最佳預(yù)測(cè)，從而使偶然性盡可能少地發(fā)生，但因?yàn)椴淮_定性總是存在，所以決策常伴隨著風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

分析：前半句是主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)。what the future will be是at的賓語(yǔ);as little as possible做leave的賓語(yǔ);since引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句，相當(dāng)于because.

4. If there is no choice, there is no decision to be made. (p3)

譯：如果沒(méi)有選擇，就不會(huì)有決策。

分析：這是一句很簡(jiǎn)單的條件狀語(yǔ)從句，但它有一個(gè)很重要的考點(diǎn)：to be made。這是動(dòng)詞不定式做定語(yǔ)修飾decision，有將來(lái)意味。比如：The last question to be discussed today is how to divide the work among ourselves.

5. For managers, every decision has constraints based on policies, procedures, laws, precedents, and the like. (p3)

譯：對(duì)于管理者而言，每次決策都受到政策、程序、法律以及慣例等因素制約。

分析：這句話的考點(diǎn)是based on policies, procedures, laws, precedents, and the like。同樣是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ)修飾constraints。其中詞組：base…on以…為基礎(chǔ)。 如：The film is based on s short story by Jack London.

6. But the tendency to simplify blinds them to other alternatives. (p4)

譯：但是這種簡(jiǎn)化的傾向使得他們看不到其他可供選擇的方法。

分析：該句主語(yǔ)the tendency to simplify，謂語(yǔ)blinds; them是賓語(yǔ)。to simplify是定語(yǔ)，修飾the tendency;to other alternatives是賓補(bǔ)。其中短語(yǔ)：blind sb to sth:使…看不見(jiàn)…;

we shouldn’t let our prejudices blind us to the facts.

7. Because individuals (and organizations) frequently have different ideas about how to attain the goals, the best choice may depend on who makes the decision. (p6 line 4--6)

譯：因?yàn)閭€(gè)人(和組織)關(guān)于如何達(dá)到目的常有不同的觀點(diǎn)，哪種是最優(yōu)的選擇可能要看是誰(shuí)做出決策。

分析：這是一個(gè)由because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句。其中how to attain the goals做介詞about的賓語(yǔ)，who makes the decision做介詞on的賓語(yǔ)。

8. Some of these objectives are more important than others, but the order and degree of importance often vary from person to person and from department to department. (p7 line 2--4)

譯：其中有一些目標(biāo)比其它的更重要，但其順序和重要程度因人和不同的部門而異。

分析：請(qǐng)注意比較級(jí)more important than，詞組：vary from person to person譯成中文：因人而異，可以推出：因季節(jié)而異vary from season to season….

9. When presented with a common case, sales managers tend to see sales problems, production managers see production problems, and so on. (p7 line 5--7)

譯：當(dāng)面對(duì)同一件日常事情時(shí)，銷售經(jīng)理傾向于看銷售問(wèn)題，而生產(chǎn)經(jīng)理則會(huì)看生產(chǎn)相關(guān)的問(wèn)題，等等。

分析：前半部分為常考內(nèi)容，它是when + 過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)部分。其中詞組：

be presented with = be faced with當(dāng)面對(duì)…

When faced with difficulties, we should be brave..

10. People often assume that a decision is an isolated phenomenon. (p9)

譯：人們經(jīng)常假設(shè)一項(xiàng)決策是孤立的現(xiàn)象。

分析：句子結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單：主謂賓(從句)。其中assume: = imagine; isolated: adj 孤立的。

phenomenon: n 現(xiàn)象;復(fù)數(shù)變化較特殊：phenomena|　重點(diǎn)單詞、詞組詳講

1. interview: n/v 采訪、面試;interviewer: n 采訪者; interviewee: n 被采訪者

e.g. 1>. Who's the most famous person you've ever interviewed on TV?

2>. In a TV interview last night, she denied she had any intention of resigning.

2. criticism: n 批評(píng)，評(píng)論; criticize: v 批評(píng); critical: a 批評(píng)的、挑剔的、關(guān)鍵的;critic: n 評(píng)論家, 請(qǐng)?zhí)钐羁础?/p>

1> He is a literary ______.

2> We are at a _______time in our history.

3> He can't take ________.

4> The boy was ______ by his father for being late for school.

Answers: critic, critical, criticism, criticized

3. indifference: n 冷漠、漠不關(guān)心;indifferent: a 冷漠的，反義詞：enthusiastic: 熱情的

cf: different: a 不同的，名詞：difference; 反義詞：same.

4. inefficiency: n 無(wú)效，由此聯(lián)想得到：

efficient: a 高效率的; efficiency: n inefficient: a 低效率的

5. conservative: a 保守的、保存的; conserve: v 保存; conservation: n

6. apply to sb for sth: 向某人申請(qǐng)某物

e.g. The student applied to the embassy for a visa.

7. take the trouble to do sth: 不辭勞苦、費(fèi)力地做某事

e.g. If you took the trouble to listen to what I was saying, you'd know what I was talking about.

8. put oneself in somebody's place: 設(shè)身處地…

If you put yourself in your mother's place, you will understand why she is so worried about you.

9. in hand: 手頭上有，進(jìn)行中

I've got enough money in hand to buy a new car.

10. turn down: 調(diào)小，降低，拒絕

Turn down the TV, for the baby is sleeping.

He turned down the job because the pay isn't good enough.

課文難句分析

1. The key words here are preparation and confidence, which will carry you far. (p2)

譯：這里的關(guān)鍵詞是準(zhǔn)備和自信，它們將使你前程遠(yuǎn)大。

分析：which will carry you far非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾preparation and confidence。另外請(qǐng)注意：key關(guān)鍵的;preparation是prepare的名詞;confidence: n 信心。Confident: a 有信心的;self-confidence: 自信心。

2. Find out all you can about the job you are applying for and the origination you hope to work for. (p4)

譯：了解你所申請(qǐng)的工作和你希望為之工作的組織。

分析：you are applying for定語(yǔ)，修飾the job; you hope to work for定語(yǔ)修飾the origination。詞組：apply to sb for sth向某人申請(qǐng)什么。

3. It shows an unattractive indifference to your employer and to your job. (p6)

譯：它表明你對(duì)雇主和你的工作的態(tài)度冷漠，不感興趣。

分析：it主語(yǔ);shows謂語(yǔ);an unattractive indifference賓語(yǔ);to your employer and to your job間接賓語(yǔ)。Show sth to sb=show sb sth.另外，請(qǐng)注意：indifference: 冷漠，漠視。

4. He wants somebody who is hard-working with a pleasant personality and a real interest in the job. (p7)

分析：who is hard-working with a pleasant personality and a real interest in the job全部都是定語(yǔ)，修飾somebody。注意介詞with表示帶有。。; have interest in sth對(duì)…有興趣。

5. Anything that you find out about the prospective employer can be used to your advantage during the interview to show that you have bothered to master some facts about the people who you hope to work for. (p8)

譯：你找到的任何有關(guān)未來(lái)雇主的信息在面試中都能為你所用，以表示你費(fèi)了心思去掌握一些關(guān)于你希望為其工作的人的事實(shí)。

分析：從這個(gè)句子的長(zhǎng)度大家也能看出這是一個(gè)復(fù)雜句。主體結(jié)構(gòu)為：anything can be used to your advantage. that you find out about the prospective employer是定語(yǔ)從句;during the interview狀語(yǔ);to show that you have bothered to master some facts about the people who you hope to work for是目的狀語(yǔ);who you hope to work for是另外一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句修飾the people. 詞組：to your advantage: 對(duì)你有利;work for sb為某人工作。

6. Do not be afraid to ask for clarification of something that has been said during the interview if you want to be sure what was implied, but do be polite. (p10)

譯：面試中如果你想確切地知道某些話的含義，不要害怕請(qǐng)對(duì)方解釋清楚，但一定要有禮貌。

分析：基本句型：not be afraid to do sth; 不要害怕去做某事;ask for clarification要求澄清;that has been said during the interview定語(yǔ)，修飾something; what was implied賓語(yǔ);do be polite: 其中do為了強(qiáng)調(diào)，如：do be careful! I do love you! He does lie to us!

7. Have the letter inviting you for an interview ready to show in case there is any difficulty in communication. (p16)

譯： 拿著邀請(qǐng)你面試的通知書，以防萬(wàn)一交談出現(xiàn)困難時(shí)顯示。

分析：這是一個(gè)祈使句。Have動(dòng)詞，拿著;the letter賓語(yǔ);inviting you for an interview現(xiàn)在分詞做定語(yǔ);ready to show狀語(yǔ);in case there is any difficulty in communication條件狀語(yǔ)從句;詞組：there is some difficulty in sth/doing sth在…方面有困難。如：We have some difficulty speaking English fluently.

8. There is little likelihood that a panel of five wants to go through the process of all shaking hands with you in turn. (p20)

譯：由五個(gè)人構(gòu)成的專門小組幾乎不可能輪流與你握手。

分析：這句話的重點(diǎn)在于that a panel of five ants to go through the process of all shaking hands with you in turn是一個(gè)同位語(yǔ)從句，是對(duì)little likelihood的解釋。其中：likelihood: n 可能性，相當(dāng)于possibility; go through經(jīng)歷; in turn:輪流。

9. Would you mind rephrasing the question, please? (p23)

譯：您介意換個(gè)說(shuō)法來(lái)問(wèn)這個(gè)問(wèn)題嗎?

分析：考點(diǎn)mind doing sth. 如： Would you mind turning down the TV?

語(yǔ)法：介紹as的相關(guān)用法

as是一個(gè)乍一看簡(jiǎn)單，但實(shí)際在英語(yǔ)中用法很復(fù)雜的小詞。從詞類上講，可以用作介詞、副詞、連詞以及關(guān)系代詞;從語(yǔ)法功能角度來(lái)看，可以構(gòu)成介詞賓語(yǔ)，引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，方式狀語(yǔ)從句，讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，比較狀語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句。此外as還出現(xiàn)在很多固定搭配中，如： as if, as though, as long as, as to, as for, so as to, etc.

請(qǐng)看下列例句,并請(qǐng)分析出as的具體用法。

1. I work as an English teacher in a middle school.

2. Run as fast as you can.

3. Young as he is, he knows more than I.

4. Just as I was leaving, the telephone rang.

5. Please do as I have told you.

6. As I am the oldest child in my family, I must take care of the other children.

7. Such people as you have described are rare now

編輯推薦：

2014年自考英語(yǔ)（二）章節(jié)輔導(dǎo)

2014年自考英語(yǔ)二章節(jié)復(fù)習(xí)資料匯總

2014年自考《英語(yǔ)(二)》模擬試卷及答案匯總

更多關(guān)注：考試報(bào)名 考試培訓(xùn) 成績(jī)查詢 考試教材

（責(zé)任編輯：lqh）

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