2012年教育碩士英語(yǔ)虛擬語(yǔ)氣詳解
1) 語(yǔ)氣:
陳述,疑問(wèn),祈使,虛擬
2) 虛擬語(yǔ)氣:表示一種純?nèi)患傧氲那闆r或主觀愿望,動(dòng)詞需要用一種特殊形式。
形式分為三類:現(xiàn)在虛擬語(yǔ)氣(動(dòng)詞用原形),過(guò)去虛擬語(yǔ)氣(動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式,但動(dòng)詞be要用were),過(guò)去完成形式(動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí))。有些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,如should, would, might常用在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中。
3) 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件句中的用法:
虛擬條件句:就是包含條件從句的句子。
條件句分為:
真實(shí)條件句——有些條件句是可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的。
虛擬條件句——有些條件句是純假象的句子。
If we leave now, we can still catch the train.
If I had enough money, I would buy a computer.
If you are waiting for a bus you’d better join the queue.
4) 表示現(xiàn)在和將來(lái)情況的虛擬條件句:
?、疟硎粳F(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的虛擬條件句——從句中的謂語(yǔ)(用過(guò)去式形式);主句謂語(yǔ)(would+動(dòng)詞原形)
If I had a map I would lend it to you.
If you left your bike outside, someone would steal it.
If I were you I’d plant some trees round the house.
注:If I were you句中,were不能改成was,但在第三人稱單數(shù)后用was也可以。如:
If Helen were(was) here how nice it would be!
?、浦骶渲^語(yǔ)有時(shí)也可以由might, could構(gòu)成。
If I could type, I might save a lot of time.
If he had a permit he could get a job.
?、窃跅l件句從句中有時(shí)還可以用were to +動(dòng)詞,或should+動(dòng)詞。
If he were (was) to resign, who would take his place?
If I should be free tomorrow, I will come to see you.
?、仍谀承l件從句中(如were to +動(dòng)詞,should+動(dòng)詞),if有時(shí)可以省略,這時(shí)語(yǔ)序要改為倒裝。
Were I Tom, I would refuse.
Were I in your shoes I would let him know what I thought of him.
Should she be interested, I’ll phone her.
?、蓮木溆袝r(shí)可以用If it were not for這種句型,表示“若不是”。
If it were not for your help, we would be in serious trouble.
5) 表示過(guò)去情況的虛擬條件句:(這類從句表示一個(gè)與事實(shí)相反的過(guò)去情況)
?、疟硎具^(guò)去情況的虛擬條件句——條件從句中的謂語(yǔ)(相當(dāng)于過(guò)去式的形式);主句的謂語(yǔ)(would have+過(guò)去分詞)
If I had known that you were coming, I would have met you at the airport.
If I had left sooner, I’d have caught the bus.
What would you have done if you’d been in my position?
注:在主句中,如果主語(yǔ)是第一人稱,可以用should構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。
I should (would) have talked it to my mother if I had thought of it.
?、浦骶渲幸部捎胏ould和might構(gòu)成,有時(shí)還可由should構(gòu)成。
If my father had lived, he could have done all this for me.
If we had found him earlier we might have saved his life.
If he had apologized, you should have done so too.
?、菑木渲幸部捎胔ad not been for來(lái)構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ),表示“要不是”。
If it hadn’t been for your timely help, we would have got into serious trouble.
If it hadn’t been for her meticulous care, I wouldn’t have got well so soon.
?、萯f有時(shí)可以省略,但后面部分需要倒裝。
Had I not seen it with my own eyes, I would not have believed it.
Had it not been for their support, we couldn’t have won the election.
Had Mark been in charge, it wouldn’t have happened.
其他知識(shí)點(diǎn):
1) ??键c(diǎn)有:對(duì)a、過(guò)去的虛擬語(yǔ)氣,b、錯(cuò)綜句的考查,c、還有去掉if將助動(dòng)詞had ,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should,be動(dòng)詞提前等
2) 要注意哪些詞可以用作虛擬語(yǔ)氣 如as if(though),if only, demand, insist, suggest但要注意suggest 表示“表明”時(shí)不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,如 her expression suggest that she made a mistake.
3) 要求,建議,命令等+ (should) do,用虛擬語(yǔ)氣demand, insist, require,request, demand, desire, ask(要求),suggest,advise, propose(提議),urge(催促),vote(投票),command(命令), order, recommend,intend, petition(懇請(qǐng))。
4) It is adj. that… 用虛擬語(yǔ)氣 important, illegal, essential,vital,appropriate,unfair,dreadful,strange,surprising,natural,unthinkable
5) It’s (high) time后的定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣(多用過(guò)去虛擬語(yǔ)氣)
It’s high time we went.
6) 錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句:有些條件句主句謂語(yǔ)和從句謂語(yǔ)表示的動(dòng)作在時(shí)間上并不一致。
If the weather had been more favorable, the corps would be growing still better.
If he had received six more votes, he would be our chairman now.
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